THE STUDENTS REPRESENTATIVE COUNCIL OF UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE and NARSHON KOHLO and PAIDAMOYO MAFUSIRE and ETHEL MUSESWA versus PAUL MAPFUMO N.O. and UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE

HH 268-23

Analyze with AI

Case Details

Court

Harare High Court

Date

3 May 2023

Citation

HH 268-23

Neutral Citation

[2023] ZWHH 268-23

Outcome

unknown

Case Type

Review

Bench

Presiding

CHITAPI J

Full Bench

CHITAPI J

Areas of Law

Administrative LawConstitutional LawEducation Law

Keywords

Fees IncreaseOrdinanceProcedural IrregularityJoinderUniversity Act

Tags

University FeesJudicial ReviewStudent RightsAdministrative Law

legislation

Statutes Cited

2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
3
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
7
(
c
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
6
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
b
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
2
1
0
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
3
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
3
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
3
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
6
7
(
a
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
6
7
(
c
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
1
(
b
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
1
(
a
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
7
(
d
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
7
(
c
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
6
(
b
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
6
(
a
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
a
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
b
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
c
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
d
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
e
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
f
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
g
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
h
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
i
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
j
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
k
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
l
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
m
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
n
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
o
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
p
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
q
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
r
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
s
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
t
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
u
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
v
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
w
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
x
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
y
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
2
(
z
)
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
2
9
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
0
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
0
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
0
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
0
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
0
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
0
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
0
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
0
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
0
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
0
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
1
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
1
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
1
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
1
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
1
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
1
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
1
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
1
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
1
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
1
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
2
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
2
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
2
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
2
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
2
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
2
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
2
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
2
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
2
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
2
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
3
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
3
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
3
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
3
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
3
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
3
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
3
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
3
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
3
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
3
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
4
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
4
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
4
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
4
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
4
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
4
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
4
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
4
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
4
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
4
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
5
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
5
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
5
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
5
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
5
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
5
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
5
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
5
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
5
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
5
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
6
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
6
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
6
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
6
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
6
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
6
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
6
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
6
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
6
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
6
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
7
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
7
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
7
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
7
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
7
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
7
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
7
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
7
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
7
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
7
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
8
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
8
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
8
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
8
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
8
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
8
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
8
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
8
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
8
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
8
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
9
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
9
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
9
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
9
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
9
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
9
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
9
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
9
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
9
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
3
9
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
0
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
0
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
0
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
0
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
0
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
0
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
0
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
0
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
0
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
0
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
1
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
1
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
1
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
1
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
1
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
1
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
1
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
1
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
1
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
1
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
2
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
2
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
2
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
2
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
2
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
2
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
2
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
2
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
2
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
2
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
3
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
3
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
3
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
3
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
3
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
3
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
3
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
3
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
3
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
3
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
4
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
5
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
5
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
5
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
5
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
5
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
5
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
5
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
5
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
5
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
5
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
6
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
6
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
6
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
6
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
6
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
6
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
6
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
6
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
6
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
6
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
7
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
7
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
7
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
7
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
7
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
7
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
7
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
7
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
7
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
7
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
8
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
8
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
8
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
8
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
8
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
8
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
8
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
8
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
8
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
8
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
9
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
9
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
9
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
9
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
9
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
9
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
9
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
9
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
9
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
4
9
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
0
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
0
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
0
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
0
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
0
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
0
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
0
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
0
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
0
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
0
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
1
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
1
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
1
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
1
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
1
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
1
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
1
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
1
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
1
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
1
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
2
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
2
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
2
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
2
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
2
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
2
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
2
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
2
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
2
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
2
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
3
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
3
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
3
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
3
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
3
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
3
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
3
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
3
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
3
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
3
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
4
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
4
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
4
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
4
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
4
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
4
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
4
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
4
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
4
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
4
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
5
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
5
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
5
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
5
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
5
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
5
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
5
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
5
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
5
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
5
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
6
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
6
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
6
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
6
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
6
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
6
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
6
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
6
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
6
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
6
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
7
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
7
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
7
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
7
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
7
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
7
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
7
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
7
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
7
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
7
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
8
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
8
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
8
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
8
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
8
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
8
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
8
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
8
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
8
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
8
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
9
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
9
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
9
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
9
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
9
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
9
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
9
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
9
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
9
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
5
9
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
0
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
0
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
0
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
0
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
0
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
0
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
0
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
0
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
0
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
0
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
1
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
1
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
1
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
1
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
1
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
1
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
1
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
1
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
1
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
1
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
2
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
2
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
2
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
2
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
2
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
2
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
2
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
2
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
2
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
2
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
3
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
3
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
3
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
3
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
3
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
3
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
3
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
3
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
3
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
3
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
4
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
4
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
4
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
4
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
4
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
4
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
4
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
4
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
4
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
4
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
5
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
5
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
5
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
5
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
5
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
5
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
5
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
5
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
5
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
5
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
6
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
6
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
6
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
6
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
6
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
6
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
6
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
6
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
6
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
6
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
7
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
7
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
7
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
7
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
7
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
7
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
7
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
7
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
7
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
7
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
8
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
8
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
8
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
8
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
8
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
8
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
8
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
8
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
8
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
8
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
9
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
9
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
9
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
9
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
9
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
9
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
9
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
9
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
9
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
6
9
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
0
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
0
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
0
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
0
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
0
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
0
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
0
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
0
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
0
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
0
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
1
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
1
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
1
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
1
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
1
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
1
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
1
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
1
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
1
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
1
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
2
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
2
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
2
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
2
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
2
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
2
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
2
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
2
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
2
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
2
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
3
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
3
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
3
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
3
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
3
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
3
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
3
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
3
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
3
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
3
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
4
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
4
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
4
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
4
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
4
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
4
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
4
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
4
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
4
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
4
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
5
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
5
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
5
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
5
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
5
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
5
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
5
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
5
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
5
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
5
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
6
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
6
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
6
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
6
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
6
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
6
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
6
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
6
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
6
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
6
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
7
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
7
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
7
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
7
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
7
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
7
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
7
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
7
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
7
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
7
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
8
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
8
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
8
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
8
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
8
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
8
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
8
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
8
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
8
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
8
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
9
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
9
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
9
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
9
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
9
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
9
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
9
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
9
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
9
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
7
9
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
0
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
0
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
0
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
0
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
0
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
0
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
0
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
0
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
0
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
0
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
1
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
1
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
1
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
1
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
1
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
1
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
1
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
1
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
1
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
1
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
2
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
2
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
2
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
2
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
2
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
2
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
2
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
2
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
2
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
2
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
3
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
3
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
3
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
3
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
3
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
3
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
3
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
3
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
3
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
3
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
4
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
4
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
4
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
4
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
4
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
4
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
4
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
4
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
4
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
4
9
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
5
0
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
5
1
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
5
2
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
5
3
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
5
4
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
5
5
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
5
6
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
5
7
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
5
8
2
8
U
.
S
.
C
.
§
1
8
5
9
2
8

ai analysis

Case Summary

Key Issues

{"issue_text":"Whether the fee increase and the passage of Ordinances 63 and 64 were procedurally regular and legal under the University of Zimbabwe Act.","issue_type":"procedural","dispositive":"yes","related_facts":"The bypassing of Council and Senate; reliance on a special committee; approval by Minister."}
{"issue_text":"Whether the fee increase was grossly unreasonable or irrational.","issue_type":"law","dispositive":"no","related_facts":"The 700% increase; government funding levels; student poverty."}
{"issue_text":"Whether the court should exercise its discretion to order costs against the joined parties (Minister and Permanent Secretary).","issue_type":"procedural","dispositive":"yes","related_facts":"Joinder was at the court's initiative; parties failed to comply with timelines initially."}

This summary was generated by AI. Use Zalari to read the full judgment.

background

Facts of the Case

Background

The University of Zimbabwe announced a significant increase in tuition fees for the August-December 2022 semester via Ordinances 63 and 64. The Students Representative Council and individual students applied for a review of this decision, arguing it was procedurally flawed, irrational, and violated constitutional rights to education. The court found that the fee increase was passed through an irregular process that bypassed the legally required University Council and Senate, rendering the ordinances a nullity.

Read the full judgment, get AI analysis, and find related cases

Open in Zalari →

Zalari is Zimbabwe and Southern Africa's leading AI-powered legal research platform, built by DeepCounsel and powered by Nyamaropa Technologies. Search Zimbabwe Supreme Court and High Court case law instantly, get AI-generated answers with full source citations, and access the most comprehensive corpus of Zimbabwean and Southern African jurisprudence available online. Zalari is the go-to legal AI platform for attorneys, advocates, law students, judges, and corporate counsel across Zimbabwe and South Africa — delivering faster research, smarter insights, and a competitive edge in legal practice. Zalari does not provide legal advice. Always consult a qualified legal practitioner for advice specific to your situation. © 2026 DeepCounsel — a legal technology company democratising access to legal knowledge in Africa.